Through inspired research, Islamic scientists made discoveries that laid the foundations for modern optics, birthed the first camera, and shed light on the mechanics of that most miraculous organ: the human eye.

Optics involves the study of light and shadow, colour, reflection, refraction, prisms, lenses, the human eye, and all aspects of sight.

As such, it is interrelated with several other fields of study, including anatomy, astronomy and navigation; all disciplines which advanced greatly during the Golden Age of Muslim discovery.

To aid their research into the nature of light, ancient Islamic scientists devised the pinhole camera, making them the forebears of all photographic technology.